Tiltable bottom cable operated scraper



Jan. 21, 1941.

H. c. FRENCH TILTABLE BOTTOM CABLE OPERATED SCRAPER Filed Oct. 19, 1939 a stints-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY.

Jan..21, 1941- H. c. FRENCH I TILTABLE BOTTOM CABLE OPERATED SCRAPER Filed Oct. 19, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 21, 1941.

. H. c. FRENCH TILTABLE BOTTOM CABLE OPERATED SGRAPER Filed Oct. 19, 1939 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR C6 BY 1 4 ATTORNEY.

' front apron and the rear endgate are operable by Patented an. 21,1941

'- iTED sTATE,

Henry C. French, Milwaukee, Wis., assignor to The Hell ca, Milwaukee, Win, a corporation of Wisconsin iii Application October 19, 1939, Serial No. 300,187

20 Claims.

My present invention relates generally to improvements in the art of moving dirt, and relates more specifically to various improvements in the construction and operation of scrapers for digging, hauling and spreading earth such as sand, gravel, ground or the like.

Generally defined, an object of my present invention is to provide an improved scraper which is simple in construction and efficient in use when operating on various kinds of soil.

Numerous difierent types of so-called dig and carry scrapers have heretofore been proposed and used commercially with more or less success, but all of these prior scraper assemblages have encountered dificulty in loading certain material such as gravel, since the smooth and round stones constituting such material tend to prevent tight closing of the confining space and roll out of'the load confining chamber or bowls with great rapidity. This diificulty is primarily due to the fact that in the previous assemblages, the front load confining bowl or apron which cooperates with the cutting blade to confine and build up the load, coacts with this blade above its cutting edge, and therefore permits an intervening layer of stones to lodge between these elements and thus prevents tight closing of the gap. 1

It is therefore one of the more specific objects of my present invention to provide improved instrumentalities for obviating the above mentioned difiiculty, and for permitting effective loading of a carrier scraper with gravel or other material having similar characteristics.

Among the prior dig and. carry scrapers, we

also find various modes of discharging the loads either with the aid of hydraulic jacks or with cables coacting with sheaves and a winch. In one of the prior scrapers having a load confining bowl provided with a cutting blade and a front apron cooperable with the blade, a forwardly movable endgate is provided within the bowl, and both the means of a single cable. Because of the fact that the upright rear endgate of this prior assemblage must be moved approximately horizontally over a horizontally disposed fixed bowl bottom, it is diflicult to discharge the load when the material is packed, without utilizing great force and necessarily unduly stressing the various parts. It has also been heretofore proposed to provide a scraper assemblage of the type having a front load confining apron cooperable with a scraper blade, wherein the integral bottom and a rear wall constituting load supporting parts, are tiltable as 'a unit to deliver the load resting there- (01. sr-rze) on over the blade, both the front apron and the unitary bottom and rear wall being operable by means of a single cable. While this type of prior assemblage has advantages over the movable rearendgate type, in that the tilting of the load.

supportingbottom permits more efiective-discharge of the loads under all conditions, the simultaneous tilting of the rear wall which is formed integral with the tiltable bottom is still objectionable because it produces a corner at the junction of these elements in which packed dirt can accumulate, and it also requires additional power to tilt the rear wallwith the bottom lSSUED its 2 6 1941 In my prior application Serial No. 294,047, filed September 9, 1939, I have shown and described a dig and carry scraper of the type having a front apron and a tiltable bottom with integral rear wall, operable by means of a single cable which coacts with the tilting bottom and rear wall through a link suspended from a travelling sheave movable along an upwardly and forwardly inclined guide rail disposed centrally above the load confining space. This improved operating mechanism has proven highly satisfactory and advantageous in tilting the load confining, supporting and discharging elements with minimum power, but the use of a rear wall formed integral with the bottom is still objectionable in this prior assemblage for the reasons hereinabove indicated.

Itis therefore another specific object of the present invention to provide an improved dig and carry scraper having a front load confining apron and from which the loads may be most eflectively discharged with minimum effort by merely tilting the load supporting bottom.

A further specific object of my present invention is to provide a scraper in which the load confining space is bounded by opposite sides and a rear end wall fixedly associated with a transportable frame, and wherein the bottom of the space above is readily tiltable to more effectively deliver loads ,of various materials forwardly over a scraper blade.

An additional specific object of the invention is to provide a new and useful dig and carry scraper wherein a transportable scraper blade is cooperable with front and rear tiltable load confining members which are devoid of objectionable dirt retaining corners and are most effectively and easily operable to deliver the loads, while being returnable to normal position by gravity.

Another specific object of the present invention is to provide various improvements in the construction and operation of scrapers of the type forming the subject of my prior application Serial No. 294,047. filed September 9, 1939, and some of the novel features of cable operated dig and carry scrapers shown, but not specifically claimed in the present application, from the subject of my said prior application.

The above and other specific object and advantages obtainable with my present invention, will be apparent from the following detailed description.

A clear conception of the several features con- .stituting my present invention, and of the mode of constructing and of utilizing a dig and carry scraperbuilt in accordance with the improvement, may be had by referring to the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the various views.

Fig. 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section I view, showing the parts in-load discharging and spreading position;

Fig. 4 is a fragment of the rear load confining assemblage, showing a scraper flap, associated with the rear end of the tiltable bottom; and

Fig. 5 is a similar fragment showing a similar flap spring pressed against the rear load confining wall.

While the improvements have been shown and described herein as being embodied in a cable operated scraper of the dig and carry type having a front apron for confining the loads, it is not intended to thereby unnecessarily restrict the scope or utility of the invention.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive of the drawings, the improved dig and carry scraper shown therein by way of illustration, comprises in general a sturdy front frame 8 transportable by and swingably supported upon a front wheel supported carriage 9, and having laterally separated rearwardly and downwardly extending integral side arms ID; a sturdy rear frame transportable by and swingably mounted upon a rear wheel supported carriage l2, and having laterally separated forwardly extending integral opposite side walls l3 disposed between the rear ends of the front frame arms Ill and rigidly interconnected by means of a curved rear wall II having upper and lower crossbeams |5, |6 respectively associated therewith, and by front crossbeams l1, l8 located forwardly of the wall ll to provide an open bottom; alined pivot pills I! artlculably interconnecting therear ends of the front frame arms In with the medial outer portions of the rear frame side walls I3; 2. fiat load supporting bottom plate 2|! pivotally suspended at its front from the front lower cross-beam H in close proximity to the transverse scraper or cutting blade 2| carried by this beam by means of a pivot shaft 22, the plate 20 having its rear end engageable with lugs 23 secured to the lower rear beam I6 2| to confine material 29 within the space bounded by the walls l3, it above the bottom plate 20; a frame section articulating lever 30 swingably suspended from the front frame 8 by means of a pivot shaft 3|, and having its rear end connected to the medial portion of the upper front cross-beam i8 by a set of links 32 and pivot pins; mechanism for eflecting articulation of the frames 8, H to raise and lower the cutting blade 2| and the load confining elements; and other mechanism for raising and lowering the apron 25 and bottom plate 20 independently of the elevation of the blade.

The front and rear frames 8, II, the bottom plate 20, and the apron 25 should be formed of durable sheet metal welded or otherwise firmly united to produce rigid structures, and the front carriage 3 is transportable on wheels 33 while the rear carriage I2 is transportable upon similar wheels 34. The front carriage 8 may be provided with the usual draw bar adapted for convenient attachment to a tractor, and the front frame 8 is of rigid box-beam construction and of sufficient height to permit tl e' wheels 33 to clear when making sharp turns. The rear frame H is swingable in a vertical plane about the axle of the rear carriage 9, and the side and end walls l3, l4 should be abundantly reenforced by ribs and braces in order to prevent distortion or deflection thereof. The rear end wall It is rigidly united with the opposite side walls i3, and the latter are additionally firmly united by the crossbeams l5, l6, I1, l8, so that a sturdy load confining chamber is produced in spite of the fact that the bottom of the rear frame II is open except for the closure produced by the tiltable bottom plate 20.

The load supporting bottom plate 20 should be of durable construction and should have a fiat top surface devoid of dirt catching corners, so that when the plate 2|) is tilted upwardly, the swinging end' thereof will scrape dirt deposits from the curved surface of the fixed rear wall I4, and as this plate reaches its maximum tilted position the load will be effectively discharged by gravity. In order to enhance the discharge of sticky material from the plate 20, the rear ends of apron carrier arms 26 may be provided with bumper blocks which may also form stops for the upward swinging movement of the plate, and

against which the bottom plate may be caused to impinge. The upwardly swinging bottom plate 20 will also scrape dirt deposits from the side walls l3, and any particles which fall through the slight gaps between the bottom plate and the walls, |3, |4 or over the swinging end of the plate 20, will fall to the ground through the open bottom of the rear frame The top of the fixed rear wall is preferably directed forwardly and is of sumcient height to prevent material from passing thereover until after the load confining space has been filled to capacity. The lower front cross-beam H from which the bottom plate 20 and blade 2| are suspended, must be of very sturdy construction, and the blade 2| may be made reversible.

The front apron- 25 is of improved construction in that the cut-off blade or edge 28 thereof is adapted to pass beneath the cutting edge of the blade 2| as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, in order to prevent escape of material from the load confining zone. This feature is especially useful in loading gravel, since it prevents stones from lodging between the apron edge 28 and blade 2| whereby closing of the gap between these eleapron and subsequently tilts the plate 20 to discharge the load. The rear frame I! is provided with a set of upwardly and forwardly inclined guideways or tracks 88 the lower rear ends of which are rigidly attached to the medial por-' tion of the fixed rear wall I4, and the front upper ends 'of which are firmly supported from the upper front cross-beam l8 by means of outwardly inclined struts 38. A pair of cable sheaves are carried by a shaft 4| supported on rollers 42 which are adapted to roll or travel along the tracks 88, and the travelling shaft 4| is connected to the bracket 24 at the rear of the bottom plate 20 by means of links 48 and a pivot pin 44. The sheaves are obviously simultaneously movable along the tracks 38, and when these sheaves are moved upwardly and forwardly they will tilt the bottom plate 20, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. The front apron 2| has a single cable sheave 45 80 journalled between the integral ears 86 thereof by means of a shaft 45, and is adapted to be swung about its pivot pins 21 from closed or lowered position as shown in Fig. 2, to raised or fully elevated position as shown in Fig. 3 wherein it may be caused to engage stop lugs 41 on the side walls I3. The upper front ends of the rails or tracks 38 may be secured to the struts 59 by a rigid bracket 48 in which a shaft 45 is mounted, and a set of four alined sheaves is rotatably mounted upon the shaft 49. Another sheave 5| may be mounted uponthe frame elevating and lowering lever 30 by means of a journal shaft 52,

and the single cable 31 coacts successively with the sheave 5|, one sheave 59, the sheave 45, another sheave 50, one sheave 40, still another sheave 55, with the other sheave 40, and finally with the fourth sheave 5D, and has its rear end secured to the rear frame II by a cable connector 53; so that apuli on the cable 31 will first elevate the apron 25 and will thereafter swing the plate 25 upwardly, while release of the pull will cause gravity to first lower the plate 25 and there= after lower the apron 25.

Mounted upon the forward swinging end of the lever 35 is another set of alined sheaves 54 which are journalled on the shaft 55, and the single cable 31 after passing forwardly in contact with'the sheave 5| may be caused to coact with one of these sheaves 54. A shaft 55 which is carried by the forwardupper portion of the front frame 8 provides a journal support for still another set of sheaves 51; and the actuating cable 31 for the apron 25 and bottom plate 20, after passing over the floating sheave 5|, coacts with one of the sheaves 51 and extends forwardly between guide rollers 58, 59 to the hoisting winch located on the propelling tractor near the driver's seat. With this arrangement of sheaves and cable the single cable 31 may not only be utilized to successively fully elevate or tilt the apron 25 and bottom plate 20, but it may also be usedto swing these elementsto anydesired intermediate position.

The mechanism for relatively swinging the front and rear frames 5, ll about the pivot shafts l5, comprises a second cable 55 which extends rearwardly from the hoist or winch on the tractor, and after ooacting with the guide rollers 58, 58, this cable 50 passes successively about the sheaves 51, 54 and finally has its end secured to another cable connector 8| carried by the arm or lever 80. This assemblage is such, that when a pull is exerted on the cable 50, the lever 38 will be swung about its pivot shaft 8| from the position shown in Fig. l or Fig. 3, to that shown in Fig. 2, thereby swinging the frames 8, relatively to each other about the pivot shafts l8 and elevating the cutting blade 2|; and when the pull on the cable 50 is released, gravity acting upon the rear frame II and associated parts and material 28, will cause the scraper blade 2| to lower more or less toward the ground, and will also swing the front end'of the lever 3|] upwardly. By virtue of the fact that the cable 51 which actuates the front apron 25, coacts with the sheaves 5|, 54 carried by the swinging lever'80, the apron 25 will also be affected by raising and lowering of the cutting blade 2|, independently of its operation by the cable 21. This secondary movement of the apron 25 is such that the material 28 will be most effectively retained within the load confining zone as the blade 2| is raised and lowered.

While the load supporting bottom plate 20 of Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive has its rear end directly cooperable with the curved and fixed rear wall l4, without the provision of any sealing means; it may in some cases be desirable to provide means for sealing the gap between the bottom plate 20 and the wall I4. In Fig. 4, I have'shown the rear swinging end of the plate 20, provided with a fiap 52 swingably suspended from the plate 20 by means of a pivot pin 53 and having its upper edge formed for scraping engagement with the rear wall l4. While the scraper flap 52 may be held in proper engagement with the wall M by the material 29, I may also provide one or more leaf springs 54 secured to the bottom plate 25 and coacting' with the flap 52 in order to resiliently retain this flap in scraping engagement with the wall I4, as shown in Fig. 5.

During normal operation of the improved scraper, the front and rear frames 8, [I may be relatively adjusted so as to either lower the cutting blade 2| into the ground as shown in Fig. l for loading purposes; or this blade may be elevated to the position shown in Fig. 2 for load carrying purposes; or the framesmay be positioned as shown in Fig. 3 for the purpose of per- .mitting discharge and spreading of the material toward the front apron 25, and will thus prevent. spilling'of dirt over the rear wall |4. Any slight quantities of material which may escape at the edges and rear of the bottom plate 25, will obviously fall to the ground since the space beneath this plate is open. During the scraping operation, the front apron 25 should be elevated more or less, so as to confine the accumulated material 29 within the load confining zone, and the front apron should preferably be gradually lowtransported over ground without permitting es- Y cape of any of the material 29 until it becomes desirable to discharge the load from within the confining zone.

In order to discharge and to uniformly spread the material 29, it is preferable to somewhat lower the cutting blade 2| to a position such as shown in Fig. 3, and this may be done by merely somewhat releasing the pull on the cable 60. When the blade 2| has been properly positioned, the cable may be held in fixed position, and the cab-1e '31 may then be actuated to subsequently elevate the front apron 25 to its extreme uppermost position with the arms 25 thereof against the stops 41. Subsequent pull on the cable 31 will cause the plate 20 to swing upwardly and forwardly about its pivot shaft 22, thereby delivering the material 29 over the scraper blade 2| and onto the ground. During this tilting of the plate .20, the rollers .42 will ride upwardly along the rails 38 and will'cause the links 42 to positively tilt the plate 20.. As this plate reaches its uppermost position of tilting, it may be caused to impinge against the bumper blocks 35 so as to be released, whereupon the plate 20 will first be restored to lowered or approximately horizontal position, after which the front apron 25 will likewise be lowered due to the action of gravity. Be-

cause ofthe fact that the plate 26 cannot be swung any farther than is permitted by the bumper blocks 35. and also because of the inclination of the rails 38, the plate 20 will quickly drop to its lowered position in engagement with lugs 23 when the pull on the cable is released. The fact that the front apron 25 is suspended from the pivot pins 21 by means of long arms 26, will also cause the apron 25 to drop rapidly when the cable. pull is released, and by causing the lower edge 28 of the apron 25 to pass beneath the cutting edge of the blade 2 I, material is prevented from lodging between the apron and blade so that the load will be most effectively confined.

From the foregoing detailed description it will be apparent that the improved scraper may be most effectively utilized to load and confine the load may be most effectively discharged with minimum effort. The important features of the present invention as distinguished frommy prior application hereinabove referred to. are the formation of the apron 2| so that it will close beneath the cutting edge of the blade, and the discharge of the material by tilting the bottom 5 plate 20 alone. The travelling sheave and rail mechanism for effecting tilting of the bottom plate 20 has been found most advantageous because it permits tilting of the plate with very little effort. The provision of a fixed rear wall 14 also materially enhances the strength of the rear frame II, and while the flaps 62 for removing material from this rear wall are not absolutely necessary, they may in some cases be desirable. The improved machinecan obviously be readily 15 manipulated from a propelling tractor and besides being very durable in construction, is also simple in construction and highly efiicient in use. By virtue of the fact that the load supporting bottom plate is fiat and cooperates with a rearwardly and downwardly inclined fixed end wall, this scraper has considerably greater load carrying capacity than prior scrapers wherein the rear wall is formed integral with the bottom, and the movement of the plate 20 along the fixed rear end gate or wall prevents accumulation of'material on' this wall.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit this invention to the exact details of construction or to the precisemode of use, herein shown and described, for various modification within the scope of the claims may be apparent to persons skilled in the art.

I claim: 35

1. A scraper comprising, a frame transportable along the ground and having a transverse cutting blade and opposite side walls forming a load confining zone in proximity to said blade, and an apron swingably suspended'from said walls and being movable between saidside walls toward said blade to confine the load within said zone, said apron having its lower edge disposable beneath the cutting edge of said blade and cooperating with said walls to effect load confinement.

2. A scraper comprising, a frame transportable along'the ground and having a transverse cutting blade and opposite side walls rifldly attached to said blade and forming a load confining zone, and

a front apron swingably suspended from said 50 walls and being movable downwardly and rearwardly between said side walls toward said blade to confine the load within said zone, said apron having its lower transverse edge swingable beneath and closely adjacent to the cutting edge of, 55

said blade and constantly cooperating with said walls to effect load confinement.

3. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having opposite side portions rigidly connected by a fixed upwardly and forwardly curved rear wall, 50 a scraper blade interposed between said side portions forwardly. of said wall, and a relatively fiat bottom plate hingedly supported near said blade and having its rear end swingable along and in close proximity to said wall. 05

4. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having opposite side portions rigidly connected by a fixed upwardly and forwardly curved rear wall, a scraper blade interposed between said side portions forwardly of said wall, a relatively fiat bottom plate hingedly supported near said blade and having its rear end swingable along and in close proximity to said wall, and means operable from the front of said frame for swinging said bottom plate to dump material over said blade.

5. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having opposite side-walls rigidly. connected by a fixed upwardly extending curved rear wall. a scraper blade rigidly connecting said side walls 5 forwardly of said rear wall, and a relatively flat bottom plate hingedly suspended from said frame near said blade and having its rear end swingable along and in close proximity to said curved wall J between said side-walls.

l 6. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having opposite side walls rigidly connected by a fixed upwardly extending curved rear wall, a scraper blade rigidly connecting said side walls forwardly of said rear wall, a relatively fiat bot- 1 tom plate hingedly suspended from said frame near said blade and having its rear end swingable along and in close proximity to said .curved wall between said side walls, and operating means manipulable from the front of said frame for 29 tilting said bottom plate to deliver material over said blade.

'1. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having opposite side portions connected by a rigid rear wall provided with a curved surface, a

25 scraper blade mounted on said frame forwardly of said wall, and a relatively fiat bottom plate hingedly suspended near said blade and having its rear end swingable along and in close proximity to the curved surface of said wall.

3 8. A scrapercomprising, a transportable frame having a scraper blade, a wall suspended from said frame rearwardly of said blade and having a curved front surface generated about the blade as an approximate center; and a bottom plate 3.5 hingedly suspended near said blade and having its rear end swing'able along and in close proximity to said surface.

9. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having rigid side walls and aiblade connecting- 40 the lower portions thereof, a rear wall rigidly connecting said side walls rearwardly of said blade and having a curved front surface generated about the blade as an approximate center, and a bottom plate hingedly suspended from said frame 45 near said blade and having its rear end swingable along and in close proximity to said curved surface.

10. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having a scraper blade, a wall suspended from 50 said frame rearwardly of said blade and having a curved front surface generated about the blade as an approximate center, a bottom plate hingedly suspended near said blade and having its rear end swingable along and in close proximity to said 55 surface, and mechanism disposed centrally above said plate and comprising parts movable longitudinally of said frame for swinging said bottom plate to dump material over said blade.

11. A scraper comprising, a transportable 50 frame having a transverse scraper blade, a transverse wall suspended from said frame parallel .to said blade and having a curved load confining surface facing the blade and generated there- 65 about as an approximate center, and a relatively fiat load supporting plate pivotally suspended near said blade and having its swinging end movable alongand in close proximity to said surface. 12. A scraper comprising, a transportable 70 frame having a transverse scraper blade and a fixed load confining wall disposed parallel to said blade, a relatively flat bottom plate hingedly suspended near said blade and having its swinging end movable along and in close proximity to said wall, a track carried by said frame centrally above said plate, a sheave movable along said track and being connected to the swinging end of said plate, and means for advancing said sheave along said track.

13. A scraper comprising,v a transportable frame having a transverse scraper blade and a 5 fixed load confining wail disposed parallel to said blade, a relatively flat bottom plate hingedly suspended near said blade and having its swinging end movable along and in close proximity to said wall, a track carried by said frame centrally above said plate, an element rollable along said track, a link pivotally connected to said element and to the swinging end of said bottom plate, and means for advancing said element along said track. :14. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having rigid side walls and a blade connecting the lowerportions thereof, a rear wall rigidly interconnecting said side walls remote from said blade and having a curved front load confining surface, a relatively flat bottom plate pivotally suspended from said frame near said blade and having its rear end swlngable in close proximity to and along said surface, a track carried by said frame between saidrside walls and above said bottom plate, a sheave movable along said track and being articulably connected to the rear of said plate, and a cable for advancing said sheave along said track to swing said bottom plate- I I l5. A scraper comprisin a transportable frame having rigid side walls and a blade connecting the lower portions thereof,'a rear wall rigidly interconnecting said side walls remote from said blade and having a curved front load confining surface, a relatively fiat bottom plate .pivotaily suspended from said frame near said blade and having its rear end sw-ingable in close proximity to'and along said surface, a track carried by said frame between said side walls and 40 above said bottom plate, a sheave movable along said track, a link pivotally attached to said sheave and to the rear end of said bottom plate, and a cable for advancing said sheave along said track to tilt said bottom plate.

v16. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having a transverse scraper blade and an upwardly extending forwardly inclined fixed rear wall, a relatively flat bottom plate hingedly suspended near said blade and having its rear end swingalble along and in close proximity to said fixed wall, a forwardly extending upwardly inclined track carried by said frame centrally above said bottom plate, a sheave movable along said track, means anti'culably connecting said sheave with the rear end of said bottom plate, and a cable for advancing said sheave along said track to tilt said bottom plate.

1'7. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having a transverse scraper blade and am so upwardly extending forwardly inclined fixed rear wall, a relatively. fiat bottom plate hingedly suspended near said blade and having its rear end swingable along and inclose proin'mity to said fixed wall, a forwardly extending upwardly 65 inclined track carried by said frame centrally above said bottom plate, a sheave movable along said track, a forwardly extending upwardly inclined link plvotally'attached to said sheave and to the rear swinging end of said bottom plate, 7

and a cable for advancing said sheave along said track to tilt said bottom plate'tlirough said link.

I 18. A scraper comprising, a transportable frame having a transverse scraper blade and a fixed load confining wall disposed parallel to said 15 blade, a relatively flat bottom plate hingedly suspended near said blade and having its swinging end movable upwardly along said wall, and a scraper flap carried by said swinging plate end fiap'interposed between face.

20. A scraper comprising, a transportable said plate and said surframe having a transverse scraper blade and a fixed-wall disposed parallel to said blade and provided with a curved load confining surface generated about the blade as an approximate center,

- a relatively flat bottom plate pivotally suspended near said blade and havirm its swinging and movable along said surface, and a. scraper flap l0 pivotally suspended from .the swinging end of said plate and coacting with said curved surface.

HIIINRY C. FRENCH. 

